Leishmaniasis in dogs in Greece: symptoms, testing and prevention
Leishmaniasis is one of the most common serious diseases of dogs in Greece. The signs, the blood test and how to protect your dog.
Leishmaniasis is caused by a parasite spread by the bite of sand flies, tiny insects that look like gnats. It is endemic in Greece: it is found in almost every region, so any dog living in or travelling to Greece is at risk.
When the risk is highest
Sand flies are mostly active from spring to autumn and bite from dusk to dawn. Dogs that sleep outdoors, in yards or near fields and stables are more exposed.
Symptoms
The disease develops slowly. A dog can be infected and show nothing for months or even years. Look out for:
- weight loss despite eating normally
- thinning fur, especially around the eyes (“spectacles”), ears and nose
- dry, flaky skin and sores that don't heal
- overgrown nails
- tiredness, lameness, nosebleeds
- drinking and urinating a lot (a sign the kidneys are affected)
Diagnosis
A blood test. Your vet may suggest further tests to check the kidneys. Because infected dogs can look healthy, many vets recommend an annual test, ideally before sand fly season starts.
Treatment
Leishmaniasis usually doesn't go away completely, but with treatment and regular monitoring many dogs live for years with a good quality of life. The earlier it's found, the better.
Prevention in three layers
- Sand fly repellent: a special collar or spot-on, as your vet recommends. Warning: many of these are toxic to cats. Never use them on a cat.
- Keep your dog indoors at night during the season, and use fine-mesh screens.
- Vaccination: available, and your vet will tell you whether it suits your dog. It doesn't replace the repellent.
Dogs don't pass leishmaniasis directly to people or other dogs. It is spread through the insect.
Want a test or to start prevention? Find a vet near you and book online.
Frequently asked questions
Can people catch leishmaniasis from dogs?
Not directly from the dog. It is only spread by sand fly bites. Protecting your dog from the insects lowers the risk for the whole household.
How long can a dog live with leishmaniasis?
It depends on how early it was found and whether the kidneys are affected. With treatment and regular check-ups, many dogs live for years with a good quality of life.
Is protection needed in winter too?
In most areas sand flies are active from spring to autumn. In warmer areas the season is longer. Your vet will tell you what applies where you live.